Multi-satellite monitoring of wetland dynamics and nighttime lights
Multi-satellite monitoring of wetland dynamics and anthropogenic drivers of wetland change
Wetlands are unique among ecosystem types in fulfilling vital functions for biodiversity and the water cycle. Knowledge about wetlands and their conservation status is thus of utmost relevance for attaining the sustainable development goals, particularly those relating to clean water and biodiversity. These wetland functions are impacted by human activity, either directly, e.g. by drainage and land-use conversion, or indirectly, e.g. through changes in the water cycle as a result of anthropogenic climate change. Wetland functions are determined not only by their area but also their dynamics, such as changes in inundation and vegetation seasonality. Careful monitoring of these dynamics provides the information basis for quantifying and, eventually, mitigating the impacts of human activity and interventions. Satellite Earth observation (EO) is an important tool for wetlands monitoring, providing timely, accurate and consistent data across large regions.
Since 2014, the European Copernicus programme has delivered reliable EO data, while Chinese EO initiatives are rapidly expanding. Numerous EO missions have been launched or are in development, focusing on applications in monitoring natural hazards, impact of climate change and human activity. The MARSHES project seeks to integrate European and Chinese EO data to enhance wetlands monitoring by leveraging the strengths of both programmes.
Time series of wetland water extent will be derived from optical and radar satellite data, e.g. the Sentinel and Gaofen missions. These time series will be used to provide better characterisations of wetlandscapes in terms of surface water seasonality and inter-annual variability. Human activity will be estimated by means of nighttime lights remote sensing due to its ability to detect artificial light emissions.
By combining data from European and Chinese EO programmes, MARSHES aims to improve the quality of wetlands monitoring products. These advancements will deepen our understanding of hydrological functions of wetlandscapes, identify anthropogenic drivers of wetland loss, and ultimately contribute to ecosystem monitoring services that support conservation planning and environmental policy.